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Rebel Attack a Message to Companies Operating in Conflict Areas

Tuesday, June 21st, 2011

Heglig Airport (Photo: Fuyufei Panorama.com)

This week the Darfuri rebel group, Justice and Equality Movement (JEM), released a statement announcing it attacked Heglig Airport in the oil-rich area near the contested Abyei region. According to the brief statement released by Fidail Mohamed Rahoma, a member of the JEM military high command, the June 9 attack and brief occupation by JEM’s Kordofan branch was “meant to send a clear message to oil companies that use of their airports and other facilities by GoS [Government of Sudan], its army and militia will not go unpunished by the Movement.” The attack has yet to be confirmed by government officials.

The oil fields in Heglig are operated by the Greater Nile Petroleum Operating Company (GNPOC), a consortium that includes China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), Malaysia’s Petroliam Nasional Berhad (Petronas), ONGC Videsh — a subsidiary of India’s Oil and Natural Gas Corporation, and Sudan’s state-owned oil company, Sudapet.

Darfuri rebel groups, including JEM, have targeted oil companies in the past, kidnapping foreign workers and attacking oil fields. In November 2010, the announcement of plans to begin drilling 19 wells in the Darfur region prompted threats of violence from JEM, who announced, “we are officially threatening the Chinese and anyone else who shall try to extract oil from this region.”

This is not the first time oil activities have been associated directly with violence and military activity. Some companies were accused of complicity in war crimes and crimes against humanity committed during what has been characterized as a military campaign by the Government of Sudan to secure and take control of oil fields during the war fought between the north and south from 1983 to 2005. In 2000, an airstrip belonging to a consortium operated by Lundin Petroleum was used as headquarters for a Sudan Armed Forces division and Antonov bombers. Similar bombers attacked nearby villages as part of government offensives. Other abuses by military forces associated with oil activities have included indiscriminate attacks, intentional targeting of civilians, burning of shelters, and the displacement of hundreds of thousands.

These concerns, as well as the companies involved – CNPC, ONGC, Petronas and Sudapet – are discussed in depth in Conflict Risk Network’s Sudan Company Report, used by dozens of major institutional investors. Contact CRN director Melany Grout at Grout@genocideinternvention.net for more information.

Given the risks that conflict, corporate activities, and the intersection between the two pose for people on the ground, companies must take special care in settings like Sudan to ensure they do not infringe on human rights. Not only is it more difficult for companies to do no harm in conflict-affected areas like Darfur and Abyei, but the failure to adhere to standard corporate responsibility practices carries the potential for heightened impacts on communities and on the companies themselves. CRN encourages oil companies to – at minimum – uphold their responsibility to respect human rights, as outlined in the recently released Framework for Business and Human Rights (Ruggie Framework) which calls on companies to conduct a four-step due diligence process to avoid infringing on human rights.

CRN is also actively working to engage with the members of the GNPOC consortium on these issues. For more information, please contact Eryn Schornick, CRN’s Stand-In Head of Engagement, at Schornick@genocideintervention.net.

 

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Policy Call on Recent Crises

Tuesday, June 14th, 2011

On June 9th, activists participated in a GI-NET/SDC policy call that provided updates on volatile situations around the globe.  The full recording of the call is available here, and a summary of key points is provided below.

Refugees flee the violence in Abyei on foot. Photo credit: ENOUGH Project.

 

Sudan: In Southern Kordofan, a new round of fighting was reported. In Abyei, it is estimated that over 100,000 people have been displaced by violence. In Darfur, there is a sustained level of violence and human rights abuses, and humanitarian access continues to be restricted.

Libya: The international community’s response to Libya has shifted, with an increased emphasis on providing financial support to the rebels in Eastern Libya as well as heightened European involvement in offensive military movements. An indictment of Qaddafi and some of his senior officials by the International Criminal Court is possible.

Syria: The situation in Syria has deteriorated severely. Accounts of protests and counterprotests across the country include testimony that the Syrian government has used live ammunition, tanks, and snipers to suppress demonstrations.  The United Nations estimates that approximately 11,000 people have been killed in clashes between protestors and the government in the past 11 weeks.

 

Syrian protestors demonstrate against President Bashar al-Assad

In response to these recent developments, GI-NET/SDC called on:

  • The international community to maintain its focus on the humanitarian crisis in Darfur;
  • The United Nations and other international governing bodies to continue the presence of an international mediating force in sensitive areas, such as the region near the proposed North/South border and Southern Kordofan, even after South Sudan becomes independent on July 9;
  • The U.S. government to strengthen sanctions against Sudanese officials connected to the violence in Abyei;
  • The United Nations to prepare its upcoming mission to South Sudan to take concerns about civilian protection seriously;
  • The international community to provide a robust humanitarian response to the events in Libya;
  • The United Nations and other international governing bodies to respond with significant punitive measures against the Syrian government.
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Lee Ann de Reus: “I Tapped the Very Core of My Meaning”

Tuesday, June 7th, 2011

This blog has been cross-posted from Enough Said. Professor and 2009 Carl Wilkens Fellow Lee Ann de Reus reflects on why she has become a leading advocate for ending genocide and crimes against humanity:

“People often ask me why I do this type of work and how I got started. I tell them there’s no short answer and that I’m not entirely sure I understand it myself! I have no single childhood trauma to offer as a compelling reason, or great religious conviction— but rather a strong feeling of moral obligation and sense of fairness that years of therapy might eventually connect to any number of personal insecurities or a fear of who knows what. What I do know is there’s a drive I can’t deny. This took me first to work for years in the Dominican Republic and Tanzania.

“It was a student who came to me about her interest in ‘doing something’ about the genocide in Darfur. I shared her passion and seized the opportunity to work with a like-minded soul. We organized our first event and managed to get ‘the’ John Prendergast to make an appearance! Unbelievably, his beloved Aunt Mary, who was a longtime activist herself, was my neighbor. As this issue of genocide became ever more real to me and the gravity began to sink in, so did my need to get involved. But to advocate with any authority, for me, meant having some direct experience and connection with the people and issues. I knew I was returning to Tanzania.

Could I possibly get to the Darfur refugee camps in Chad? I was already going to be on the continent, so . . . why not? I knew my decision would depend on John’s opinion. So I made certain it was I who drove him from the airport to our event venue. Little did he know how significant his words in the car would be. When I asked John if he thought I could pull off the trip, he said unequivocally, ‘Yes!’ It was the only endorsement I needed! That was April 1, 2007. By June 30, I was in a refugee camp in Chad with a Penn State student and a colleague.

“In other words, this is ALL John’s fault.

“Our travel to and from the Gaga refugee camp was actually against all odds. And at times I was worried I’d gotten my companions— Lorraine (a colleague) and Wendy (a returning adult student)—and me in over our heads. Despite our advanced planning, the unpredictability, instability, and chaos we encountered in Chad proved almost impossible to navigate. To travel within the country, we had to ‘hitch’ rides on eight-seater UN World Food program planes. The unpredictability of when we might fly and whether we’d have to split up added to the vulnerability we already felt. The night before we finally arrived at the camps, a guard for an NGO was shot and killed, raising the local security level and anxieties. Four UN vehicles had been hijacked in the previous weeks, requiring us to travel by convoy. On our ninety-minute drive to Gaga, we passed an unexploded bomb on the side of the road. The temperature was 130 degrees. Water cost $4.50 per bottle and tasted like gasoline as petroleum leached from the plastic. Getting cash was next to impossible and had to be exchanged on the black market. At one point we were banned from UN flights due to a misunderstanding. And while we had an interpreter for part of the trip, we knew little French and no Arabic. We all took a turn at being violently sick, and in the end, we missed our international flight home.

“But as we sat on mats with the women of Gaga, listening to their powerful stories, Lorraine, Wendy, and I knew, through our shared tearful glances, that it had all been worthwhile. Our frustrations and inconveniences were miniscule compared to what the women had experienced. What a privilege it was for us to connect with them emotionally for a brief moment. We all laughed at our absurd attempts to communicate via sign language, felt a shared delight as we bounced their babies on our laps, and enjoyed serving each other sweet tea. I have never been more profoundly humbled or moved.

“This was truly my Enough Moment. Through my connection with these survivors, I had tapped the very core of my meaning and realized a depth of purpose I’d known previously in only small, fleeting glimpses. But now, the self exposed and a mystery revealed, there was no turning back from the gift the women of Gaga gave me. My hope is that in some small way their gift is paid forward and a gift is returned with the telling of their stories.”

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When the Stars Fall to Earth

Thursday, June 2nd, 2011

Rebecca Tinsley visits with Darfuri children

Rebecca Tinsley is an accomplished journalist and human rights activist who was inspired to write her novel When the Stars Fall to Earth after returning from a trip to the Darfur region of Sudan.  When interviewing survivors of the genocide in Darfur at the El Geneina refugee camp, Rebecca was met by a request from the women of the camp: they asked her to be their voice. She wrote When the Stars Fall to Earth in keeping with that request, telling the stories of millions of Darfuris through the journeys of five young people displaced by the conflict in their homeland.  Rebecca’s portion of the proceeds from the sales of the book will go to organizations dedicated to helping survivors of genocide in Africa.

When the Stars Fall to Earth begins with 14 year old Zara clinging to a bare rock face, pressing herself as flat as possible to escape detection by Sudanese militia forces.  She is exhausted and utterly alone after surviving a brutal attack on her village in Darfur.  The book follows Zara’s journey, and the journey of four other young people also fleeing Sudanese militia attacks, to find safety in a world often hostile to their very existence.  The five encounter vastly different obstacles – from living in a refugee camp, to fighting in a rebel army, to growing accustomed to life in Western culture – but they all share the strength, dignity, and resilience of the Darfuri people.

Rebecca provides a framework for her story by including valuable information about the complex history and culture of Sudan, as well as explanations of the political motivations behind the genocide in Darfur. As a result, When the Stars Fall to Earth leaves the reader both educated about the intricate situation in Sudan and emotionally connected to its survivors.  It is a stunningly relevant book about the strength of the human spirit that bears witness to the tragedies of Darfur while continuing to hope for peace.

Click here to order the paperback version of When the Stars Fall to Earth on Amazon.com

Click here to order When the Stars Fall to Earth for your Kindle on Amazon.com

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Message from Doha: A Darfuri Voice for Peace

Friday, May 27th, 2011

Starting today over 400 representatives of Darfuri civil society are scheduled to gather in Doha to discuss their concerns and weigh in on the current peace talks between the Government of Sudan and Darfuri rebel groups.

As the meetings gets underway, Salih Mahmoud Osman, a Darfuri lawyer and human rights advocate who has been active in mediation efforts in Doha, provides this message from the ground:

“The Darfuri stakeholders meetings beginning in Doha are an integral part of efforts at peace in Darfur.  While representatives of rebel groups have been in Doha working toward an acceptable peace agreement, these efforts alone cannot ensure the popular legitimacy needed for a sustainable peace.  The stakeholders meeting will bring together the civil society, tribal leaders, Darfur authorities, and representatives of displaced persons upon which a sustainable peace in Darfur depends.  These are the communities necessary for resolving the toughest issues, including land, return, compensation, justice, reconciliation, and security, and they represent the people who will be most affected if peace efforts should fail.

The international community will also be represented in the stakeholders meetings.  The absence of a permanent presence by the international community through most of the Doha process has been a detriment to mediation efforts.  The constant presence of representatives from the United States, European Union, and others over the past few weeks has been a welcome positive change and has helped to reinforce the most promising developments in over two years in Doha.  The international community must sustain that level of vigilance and support, quietly encouraging all parties to engage positively toward reaching a peace agreement acceptable to all sides.

The stakeholders meetings should be an impetus for a peace agreement upon which further consultations with civil society can move forward in Darfur.  Such consultations will be dependent both on a ceasefire agreement and on the establishment of an enabling environment, starting with measures by the Government of Sudan to lift the state of emergency law, to release detainees held without charge or charge them according to fair trial standards, and to end restrictions on the right to freedom of expression and assembly.

The stakeholders meetings are an important reminder that peace in Darfur relies not only on the negotiating parties, but on the people of Darfur that they purport to represent.  The people of Darfur want peace and they want the Darfuri movements in Doha to engage positively toward that end.  After two years of talks in Doha, the international community should join the Darfuri people in applying the positive pressure needed to make that message clear.”

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Recent Attacks and Access Restrictions in Darfur

Thursday, May 19th, 2011

Earlier this week, the Government of Sudan launched a series of air strikes on villages in Darfur and severely limited access for humanitarian workers and peacekeepers which have a devastating impact on civilians who rely on international organizations for aid and security.

UNAMID investigating attacks in Darfur. Photo © Albert Gonzalez Farran - UNAMID

On Sunday, the Sudanese government launched aerial assaults on the villages of Esheraya and Labado in South Darfur, which according to local reports killed 13 civilians and injured an additional 10. The Government of Sudan has blocked UNAMID from accessing those villages to provide aid, security, or investigate the attacks.

On Tuesday, the government extended access restrictions to nearly the entire state of South Darfur, the second most populous state in Sudan with over four million residents. The restrictions prohibit humanitarian organizations or UNAMID from accessing any part of South Darfur outside of a 15 kilometer radius of the city of Nyala, which is less than 1% of the entire area of the state. South Darfur contains two of the largest camps for Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in the world, with an estimated third of the population of having fled to camps since the conflict began eight years ago. The 82,000 Darfuris residing at Kalma camp have been cut off from aid since May 7th despite the fact the camp is within the 15km radius of the capital that organizations are supposed to be able to access.

The Sudanese government aircraft also bombed Sukamir, a village in North Darfur, and suspended many of UNAMID’s flights to areas throughout North Darfur including Fanga Suk and Shangil Tobay where local sources claimed that government sponsored militias raided and burned villages.

The severe limitation of humanitarian and peacekeeper access is a major impediment, especially civilians in IDP camps who rely on aid organizations. The Obama Administration must pressure the Government of Sudan to end there bombardments of villages and lift restrictions on access.

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Hope for Darfur – Justice in Sudan Rally

Thursday, May 19th, 2011

On Sunday, hundreds of people of all faiths joined together to demonstrate continued U.S. citizen support for peace and justice in Sudan. Speakers and attendees sent a unified message to the world and the U.S. government that our work in Sudan will not be over after South Sudan’s independence on July 9.

Rally attendees created a Wall of Unity with posters.

The argument that there is still work to do in Sudan was underlined by messages from Congresswoman Donna Edwards of Maryland, GI-NET/SDC’s Niemat Ahmadi, and others saying that the U.S. can not reward Khartoum until there is peace in Sudan.

 

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A drummer leads the way to Lafayette Square

The rally started with prayers at A.M.E. Church. People then walked to Lafayette Square outside of the White House to the sound of beating drums. Personal stories from genocide survivors, and Christian, Muslim, and Jewish prayers led by survivors and faith leaders also highlighted the event, along with music performed by Kevin Skolnik.

Kevin and a fellow activist ask for peace in Sudan

 

 

Reverend Derrick Harkins spoke to the power of the movement saying, “There is nothing like the human spirit on fire to cause change.” Mark Hanis, founder of Genocide Intervention Network, told the crowd to call 1-800-GENOCIDE and tell policy makers to ensure that Khartoum is not rewarded prematurely.

The Hope for Darfur-Justice in Sudan Rally was organized by the Darfur Interfaith Network and SDC/GI-Net. The Darfur Interfaith Network brings together people of faith dedicated to helping the victims of genocide in Darfur and the South Sudanese people who continue to suffer from decades of civil war. The group raises money for humanitarian aid for Darfuri people who live in I.D.P. camps. Whether or not you were able to make it to the rally, you can donate to the rally organizers or join D.I.N. the third Sunday of each month as they hold a monthly vigil at the Embassy of Sudan. For more information contact Laura Cutler at mbcutler@aol.com.

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May Policy Call on Current Crises

Tuesday, May 17th, 2011

On May 12, SDC/GI-NET held a policy call to update people on the ongoing peace process in Darfur, the recent elections in South Kordofan, and the emerging crises in Libya and Syria. We also announced the launch of our new policy paper, “No Rush to Reward Khartoum”.

Update on Darfur: The situation in Darfur continues to show little improvement over the last couple of years. Following recent protests throughout Darfur, the Sudanese government arrested  activists and oppressed those voicing their opinions. The peace talks in Doha are rapidly evolving. On April 27, U.N./A.U. mediators gave their final version of a peace agreement to government and rebel groups. However, it has turned into a problematic document due to the fact that it does not cover everything negotiated.  Increasingly, it looks like this will not be a final version, and more negotiations will be necessary, pushing back the original May 23 deadline. Also postponed is the civil society conference, originally slated to take place this week. The leading mediator, Gabriel Basole, may leave the talks soon to become foreign minister of his home country Burkina Faso. Appointing a new mediator who is approved by the U.N. and A.U. will be essential.

Elections in South Kordofan. Source: AFP

South Kordofan Elections: The vote counting process for the state elections recently held in South Kordofan is currently underway. Although it is too soon to determine if the vote can be considered free and fair, S.P.L.M. has already walked out of the vote counting process. The outcome of these elections will be a key marker for whether the North and South are taking implementation of the C.P.A. seriously.

Post-call update: The National Congress Party (N.C.P.) candidate and incumbent, Ahmed Haroun, won the gubernatorial seat in Southern Kordofan’s elections according to the National Elections Commission (N.E.C.). He won the governorship with 201,455 votes, while the S.P.L.M. candidate, Abdel Aziz Al-Hilu, earned 194,955 votes. Last Friday the S.P.L.M. and Al-Hilu pulled out of the hotly contested election, claiming the vote was rigged.

South Sudan Independence: Independence for South Sudan is on schedule for July 9. SDC/GI-NET is concerned that the United States may give incentives to the Sudanese government too soon.  We are pushing for no incentives until the Sudanese government is held accountable and demonstrates its commitment to peace.

Colonel Gaddafi

Libya: Recent weeks have seen an increase in rebel capacity and there is still heavy fighting in and around Misrata. Conflict in Libya continues to be a threat to civilians.

Post-call update: The I.C.C. has requested arrest warrants for Colonel Gaddafi, his son Saif al-Islam, and the head of Libya’s intelligence service, Abdullah al-Senussi on crimes against humanity.

 

Syria: SDC/GI-NET has been following the cycle of violent oppression that has been taking place in Syria for over a month. Recently there has been an increase in the targeting for civilians which is of great concern. We have issued a press statement and will continue to follow the situation.

 

If you missed the call, listen here to find out all the details.

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Deadly Air Strikes in Darfur Continue

Monday, May 16th, 2011

Today the United Nations – African Union Joint Mission in Darfur (UNAMID) confirmed air strikes conducted yesterday by Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) on Labado and Esheraya, located thirty kilometers south of El Daein, in South Darfur. Although UNAMID has yet to determine the number of casualties and possible displacements, local sources claim that an Antonov plane belonging to the SAF dropped bombs in Esheraya this past Sunday, resulting in 12 casualties, while the second air strike in Labado reportedly resulted in one casualty. UNAMID is planning to send a team to the affected areas to ascertain and confirm the number of dead and displaced.

Homes burnt in Labado from previous attacks. Photo: Michael Kamber for The New York Times

The citizens living in the area of Esheraya condemned the government’s attacks and called on the United Nations Security Council to take action against continuing air strikes in Darfur. They also demanded an investigation into these most recent air strikes by a neutral body. Locals have purportedly refused to bury the bodies until UNAMID and neutral investigators arrive to look into the matter.

Atrocities and widespread violations of international law continue to be committed in Darfur. As the world turned its attention to the January 2011 referendum on independence for South Sudan, the situation worsened in Darfur, with government attacks in North and South Darfur displacing more than 75,000 Darfuris this year alone. The total number of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Darfur is estimated to be between 1.9-2.7 million.

Despite the fact that UNAMID is the largest UN peacekeeping mission, Darfur remains unstable and unpredictable. Sporadic clashes between the SAF and rebel movements as well as intra-tribal violence continue. Meanwhile, human rights violations, including sexual violence, continue both inside and outside IDP camps across Darfur. Government authorities and rebel groups continue to prevent UN agencies and other humanitarian organizations from accessing tens of thousands of displaced people who suffer from shortages in food, water, and medicine. IDP camp workers and UNAMID peacekeepers have been targeted by government forces, with camp workers being arbitrarily detained by government security forces and peacekeepers coming under direct attack by unknown assailants.

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No Rush to Reward Khartoum

Thursday, May 12th, 2011

This evening, Save Darfur Coalition/Genocide Intervention Network released a new policy paper, “No Rush to Reward Khartoum“.

In September 2010, the Obama Administration presented a package of incentives to the Government of Sudan in exchange for progress on the full implementation the 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), credible and peaceful referenda on Southern secession and the future of Abyei, an agreement on post-referendum arrangements, and the resolution of the Darfur conflict through a peace agreement that is credibly implemented.

If the Government of Sudan makes tangible progress to ensure sustainable peace, the package of incentives the United States can award would include:

  • Renewal of diplomatic relations
  • Removal from the State Sponsors of Terrorism List
  • Lifting of economic sanctions
  • Support for debt relief

However, since the United States introduced these incentives, Sudan has not made significant progress and has in fact regressed on several key issues including CPA implementation, post-referendum arrangements, and resolution of the Darfur conflict. Despite negative progress, Khartoum still expects to receive these rewards.

While the referendum in South Sudan went exceedingly well and the National Congress Party (NCP) led by President Omar al Bashir did not obstruct the process, one positive step is not enough to merit extensive rewards. The removal of Sudan from the State Sponsors of Terrorism List (SSTL) and the normalization of diplomatic relations should go forward as long as they are in accordance with key stipulations including resolution of Abyei and certification that Khartoum is not supporting the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA).

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