China and Sudan Archive

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China’s Sudan Interest

Thursday, August 11th, 2011

(Xinhua/Mohammed Babiker)

Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi’s trip to Sudan and South Sudan is a symbolic indication of the careful balancing act China must play since the independence of South Sudan one month ago yesterday.  It is also a reminder of the important role China will continue to play if true peace is to be realized in Sudan.

China has more leverage than any other country in influencing Khartoum and, as I told Radio France International in an interview yesterday,

[CLICK HERE TO LISTEN TO THE INTERVIEW CLIP (skip to about the 9/10 mark in the broadcast)]

China, with its immense oil investments, has a vested interest in stability in both Sudans.  The question is whether the effect of that influence will be negative or positive.

China has played a positive role in the past, providing the first engineers for the peacekeeping mission in Darfur and helping to steer Sudan toward a peaceful referendum and recognition of South Sudan’s independence.  However, China is also a leading supplier of weapons to Sudan, many of which have been used against civilians in Darfur, in violation of a UN Security Council arms embargo, and has acted to block UN Security Council statements and action against Sudan.

China’s red carpet reception of President Bashir, an indicted war criminal, was a sharp affront to international justice, but at least held the hope that China might be able to nudge Bashir on a less destructive path.  The hundreds killed and more than 200,000 displaced in South Kordofan and Abyei since June and the continuing bombing of villages in Darfur show that any Chinese efforts to that effect clearly failed.

If China is truly interested in stability in Sudan, out of oil inspired self interest if not revulsion for the atrocities being committed, then it should stop coddling Khartoum and allow stronger action in the UN Security Council including a UN civilian protection force for South Kordofan and Blue Nile, an expanded arms embargo, a demand for humanitarian access, and an investigation into atrocities already committed in the Nuba Mountains.

The United States, for its part, should engage China, make protection of civilians in Sudan a priority in the face of ongoing atrocities, and make it clear that they have a mutual interest in peace in both Sudans, an interest to which Bashir is clearly an obstacle.

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The world’s leaders Failed Darfur women by their inaction

Friday, March 25th, 2011

The world’s leaders Failed Darfur women by their inaction

March 8 was International Women’s Day, a very special day for me personally as a Sudanese woman from Darfur. It’s an important moment in which I stand in recognition of the struggle of the Darfuri women and as part of women’s struggle worldwide. Despite the suffering, Darfuri women have demonstrated outstanding resilience and strength and have served as leaders and spokesperson’s for their communities during the ongoing genocide in Darfur, for which they have to be recognized, particularly those who are still living in the camps.

March 8th was the 100th anniversary of International Women’s Day. In 1911 – the year the holiday was first celebrated internationally – women could not yet vote in most countries. It is worth noting that women have accomplished a lot globally since then , however, that is  not because the world have changed or opened its arms for women to come forward and have access to the different levels of participation, no, this is not simply the case! It’s because of women’s unspeakable struggles. Despite the fact that today a number of women serve as presidents and in other positions of power, there is still a long way to go if women are to enjoy the same access and rights as men. Looking at UN’s  this year’s theme for International Women’s Day, “Equal access to education, training, and science and technology: Pathway to decent work for women,” indeed it is a very vital goal to be accomplished, however it’s extremely overwhelming when I look back and see the challenges ahead for women like those in Darfur.

For 8 years, while women around the globe have celebrated International Women’s Day, Darfuri women endure horror and fear every single hour of their existence. Since 2003, women in Darfur have been crying for security, protection and decent life with dignity as their minimum very basic rights, only to see handful promises from the international community.

Today as I am writing, rape and all forms of sexual violence has become part of the Darfuri women’s daily life, following news coming from on the ground in Darfur, at least 10 women are raped every week and these reports are only from those who can be able to speak or find someone who can speak for them. There are many more uncounted cases of those out of reach who can’t speak for themselves. After 8 years of suffering and oppression, it’s very unfortunate to see how the world leaders have failed the Darfuris by their inaction.

Listening to the Netherlands based Radio Dabanga, women have been asked in this occasion to describes  their situation, as one woman from Zalingi said, “in this special day we are not celebrating , because we have been deprived from  life, we are constantly oppressed and set to live in fear for being attacked at any time. The government has oppressed us through rape, starvation and forced us to live in salience, this is happening within the watch of the United Nations/African Union Mission (UNAMID) that is suppose to protect us”.

In Sudan today, the systematic rape have been extended by the government’s security apparatus to target even Darfuri women in the capital Khartoum as in case of Safia Ishag who was arrested following the students uprising and brutally raped by three national security agents. The government has also integrated violence against women into its state laws which legalize the flogging of women in public because of their choices such as of wearing pants.  On March 8th Sudanese women in Khartoum went out to denounce these state laws, leading a peaceful protest against women’s oppression and demanding legal reforms. Sadly over 40 women have been beaten, arrested, and forcefully kept for further interrogation.

As one of the first-hand witnesses to the horror against women in Darfur and Sudan at large, I am determined to continue to speak for them to remind the world of the forgotten plights of my fellow people in Darfur. We must remind those leaders who have not kept their promises and call upon women leaders, particularly in the United States such as Secretary of the State Hillary Rodham Clinton and the US ambassador for global women’s issues, who have shown commitment to women issues that Darfuri women need your voices and demand your commitment to lead and rally the support for ending the tragic conditions that have surrounded their make shift camps for 8 years in Darfur. As women leaders, with competence and capability it’s imperative that you become the voice for those who are left voiceless in Darfur, and you should not allow the indicted genocidal criminal Al-Basher to rule over their destiny.

I urge the attention of women leaders worldwide, those who have devoted themselves to fight for women’s rights, to tell the world that Darfuri women need protection, security and safety. I call upon those who have committed to fight impunity that achieving justice and accountability for the crimes committed against the Darfuri women is morally imperative.

Finally, I can’t let this moment goes without recognizing the remarkable role played by Netherlands based Radio Dabanaga,  which lunched special radio program devoted to give Darfuri women a voice. It does not only give them the hope that they can now make their voices heard, but it will bring their plight to the attention of the world community. If a little radio can give a woman a voice, then why not the United Nations with its huge operation, or why does the United States not take such practical steps that can substantially benefit women? It’s evident that if we can’t do everything we can still do something that can tangibly improve the life of women in some areas that they need the most.

 

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China and US Express Concern Over Darfur

Wednesday, January 19th, 2011

Photo by Mark Lotwis for the Save Darfur CoalitionChinese President Hu Jintao is in Washington this week as part of a state visit to the US. President Obama met with the Chinese leader this afternoon for a “frank and candid” discussion on a range of topics, including Sudan. At a joint news conference after the meeting President Obama said he “welcomed China’s support for the historic referendum in southern Sudan.”

China and the United States pledged to “fully support the North-South peace process” and insisted that the results of the referendum on South Sudanese independence be respected. The two countries also expressed concern over the situation in Darfur and urged an “early, comprehensive, and appropriate solution to this issue.” From the joint statement:

Regarding Sudan, the United States and China agreed to fully support the North-South peace process, including full and effective implementation of Sudan’s Comprehensive Peace Agreement. The two sides stressed the need for all sides to respect the result of a free, fair, and transparent referendum. Both the United States and China expressed concern on the Darfur issue and believed that further, substantive progress should be made in the political process in Darfur to promote the early, comprehensive, and appropriate solution to this issue. Both the United States and China have a continuing interest in the maintenance of peace and stability in the wider region.

As a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and the main purchaser of Sudanese oil, Beijing has a lot of influence over the Government of Sudan. Hopefully, China will follow up on these encouraging words and play a constructive role in building a peaceful relationship between the north and south and ending the violence in Darfur.

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How Helpful is China in Sudan?

Thursday, January 13th, 2011

Xinhua News photo of Chinese Engineers arriving in Darfur as part of the United Nations/African Union hybrid peacekeeping force in 2007.

In 2007, China took a step forward in its global engagement by appointing a special Africa envoy to focus on Darfur.  Prior to this move China had been increasing its activity and influence in Africa mostly through unconditional aid aimed at gaining access to oil and minerals and gaining allies on the world stage, particularly in the United Nations.  Part of its engagement in Darfur was driven by the international attention and pressure it was receiving in the lead up to the 2008 Olympics in Beijing, seen by China as a coming-out party to highlight its emergence as a world power.  Part of it was likely an enlightened self-interest, the realization that being seen as a contributor to peace and stability in the world, and indeed stability itself, was good for business.

Whatever the reason, China has taken a higher profile and is increasingly claiming to be playing a helpful role in places like Sudan.  This is being echoed by others, including Nick Kristof, who is usually critical of China.   In answering question from readers alongside President Jimmy Carter, Kristof wrote recently that, “China has played a surprisingly helpful role in the last few months…it became engaged in the diplomacy to avoid war, built ties with the south, and (as far as I can tell) exerted a moderating influence on the north.” Kristof qualifies this by noting that China has been decidedly unhelpful in the past and is acting in its own self-interest, but any praise is notable.

Not surprisingly, China is also seeking to highlight the credit it believes is due.  Chinese Vice-Premier Li Keqiang wrote recently in the Financial Times that China in recent years has arranged nearly $4 billion of debt relief for 50 developing countries, contributed over 15,000 peacekeepers, and actively mediated in Darfur.  The latter claim of “actively” mediating in Darfur is questionable at best, but fits the broader rhetoric.  As Keqiang writes, “China’s development will not be possible without the world – and world development needs China.  We are committed to work even more closely with other countries to create a bright future for all.”

Next Wednesday, China’s President, Hu Jintao, will be coming to Washington to meet with President Obama.  It is almost certain that the referendum in Sudan, and hopefully Darfur, will be on the agenda.  President Obama should urge China to live up to its rhetoric.

This week, the Save Darfur Coalition/Genocide Intervention Network sent a letter to President Obama asking him to raise several important points in this regard.  In particular, China continues to supply arms to the Government of Sudan, which, despite empty guarantees, are ending up in Darfur.  The most recent report of the UN Panel of Experts for Sudan, anticipated for release tomorrow, is expected to document exactly this. China should also be encouraged to improve economic transparency in its oil and infrastructure contracts both in the north and south of Sudan and to sign a join statement addressing critical issues such as the road forward on post-referendum arrangements.

As the letter states, “the positive engagement of China will be as critical as ongoing United States’ involvement in the future of north and south Sudan.”  As China claims to assume greater responsibilities in Sudan, a joint statement and tangible progress on the issues raised above would go a long way in showing that this is more than just hollow rhetoric.

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China Reconsiders Sudan’s Black Gold

Monday, August 9th, 2010

Sudan and PetroChina have had a long and notorious relationship.  The Chinese government has received frequent criticism over its dealings with PetroChina and its support of the corrupt and genocidal government of Sudan.

Photo taken by Genocide Intervention Network

Oil is one of Sudan’s most profitable exports and helps keep the regime of President Omar al-Bashir supplied with cash. PetroChina and its parent company China National Petroleum Corporation hold the largest stakes in Sudan’s black gold.

However, recent developments give us reason to hope that this relationship might change. Not too long ago, PetroChina announced that it will renovate a refinery which was previously capable of only processing Sudanese crude oil. The renovations will allow the plant to process crude oil from other areas such as Angola, which has become another one of China’s leading oil suppliers. This progressive move may be in part a result of pressure that the company has received from Washington.  The United States Government advised the Chinese company to stop producing Sudanese crude oil at the new refinery, and has imposed economic sanctions on Sudan for years.

Though PetroChina officials claim the transformation of the plant is due to the high cost of processing Sudanese crude oil, many believe that the efforts made by the United States and the sanctions are playing a larger part in the decision than the company would like to admit. China, and specifically PetroChina, have hardly been worthy of praise regarding their involvement in Sudan, but this development deserves some encouragement.  Sudan remains China’s  sixth largest oil supplier, but this recent move may signal a much desired  shift in the economic and political relationship between the two nations.

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What was said about Sudan in Beijing?

Tuesday, May 25th, 2010

Over the last two days, Secretary Hillary Clinton and Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner have led a U.S. delegation to Beijing for the second joint meeting of the U.S.-China Strategic and Economic Dialogue. The meetings focused on a range of economic and political issues of mutual concern for the two countries. As Secretary Clinton remarked on Sunday, “Few global problems can be solved by the United States or China acting alone. And few can be solved without the United States and China working together.”

How the international community deals with the interlocking crises in Sudan is no exception. Therefore, I was pleased to hear that Sudan was on the formal agenda of the two days of talks. It reportedly was one of only two non-regional issues that will be discussed. With that said, it’s unclear whether the discussions are making any progress on Sudan as the issue went unmentioned in the State Department’s recently released statement on outcomes from the dialogue.

Last fall, during President Barack Obama’s trip to China, I wrote on the close relations between Khartoum and Beijing and how the U.S. should appeal to Chinese national interests on the issue:

From the outside, it sure looks like [Premier] Hu has a convenient excuse not to take any dramatic steps to challenge Khartoum’s deadly policies in Darfur, failure to implement the Comprehensive Peace Agreement, and enact true political reforms. Yet, this is the very reason why Save Darfur has urged President Obama not only to use moral suasion with the Chinese but appeal directly to their own national interests: keeping oil freely flowing (something impossible, for example, if war erupts again between the North and South).  This type of realist case for tying incentives for the NCP directly to sustainable peace in Sudan has the real potential to influence even Khartoum’s closest supporters…

More recent reports include a story at The Wall Street Journal that points out that Sudan is a key part of China National Petroleum’s $60 billion international push aimed at increasing its overseas oil production. The article states:

China National Petroleum has been selling assets to PetroChina that aren’t already part of the listed unit, but it keeps assets in politically sensitive countries like Iran and Sudan out of PetroChina to avoid backlash from international shareholders.

For those interested, Global Witness has produced very valuable reports on the need for transparency in Sudan’s oil industry to avoid a return to conflict between the North and the South. The organization, furthermore, urges China to use its significant influence in Sudan to implement key recommendations from the report. (more…)

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A table at the Chinese Consulate

Wednesday, December 2nd, 2009

I wanted to share with you all this email from Lori Khan, an activist in Houston, TX.  During President Obama’s recent trip to China Lori took a few of her paintings and informational materials to the Chinese Consulate in Houston to raise awareness about China’s role in Sudan.  As Lori writes below, “Just think what we can do all together, as a united community fighting against the genocide in Sudan!”

Tablemail.google.com.1jpg

This past Tuesday, November 17, 2009, I conducted a solo protest in front of the Chinese Embassy on Montrose Blvd., a four lane road in a commercial district of Houston, Texas.  I wanted to take advantage of President Obama’s presence in China to bring attention to both the Chinese and my fellow Americans about the terrible situation going on in Sudan.  As you all likely know, President al-Bashir has been indicted by the ICC for genocide yet, he remains free.  This is an untenable situation and I wanted to express my vehement disgust about his continued freedom.  I am a middle-aged disabled woman who has been involved with both Save Darfur and Enough for years.  I protested with my local Houston compatriots when they delivered the roughly 40,000 signed petitions to the Chinese Embassy and alone when the Olympic flame went through San Francisco.  This latter protest was very simple; just me, my wheelchair, and my Save Darfur “put out the flame of genocide” signs.  This time, I had something much bigger in mind!  I have included photos but a word of caution though; I had to re-set up the booth at home inside for photos.  I had a dickens of a time on Tuesday; as lovely as the temperature and very bright sun were, I battled for 4 hours with 15 mph winds!  Oh my, I had paintings falling, brochures flying, table cloth whipping, etc.  I was all alone so I had no one to take photos while I held things down so I just set up in my living room and took the photos here.  I did take a few outdoor photos of the embassy itself though. (more…)

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Bashir: In case of emergency dial Hu or Zhou?

Friday, November 20th, 2009
Zhou Yongkang of the Communist Party of China andSudanese Vice President Ali Osman Tah meet in Khartoum

Zhou Yongkang of the Communist Party of China andSudanese Vice President Ali Osman Tah meet in Khartoum

To close the week, more information on the China/Sudan deal reported first in the Sudanese press and covered here on Wednesday and breaking in the English-language press today.

John Garnaut at The Sydney Morning Herald details the power of security chief Zhou Yongkang who led the Chinese delegation to Sudan.  Garnaut describes the contingent from Beijing as “almost as impressive as Obama’s” and writes:

Zhou could not have made his visit to Sudan without the party leadership considering how it might affect the Obama-Hu Jintao spectacle in Beijing. Ostensibly, however, he and Bashir were simply getting down to business. They unveiled the first Khartoum-Beijing direct flights, opened a Confucius Institute, signed an agriculture agreement and agreed to jointly pump yet more oil.

The article also gives more of the back-story on China’s investments in Sudan:

Back in 1995 Zhou Yongkang was working his way to the top of China’s biggest oil company, Petrochina. He had close connections with another oil industry veteran, Zeng Qinghong, who happened to be a powerbroker for the then president, Jiang Zemin. Zhou and Zeng were the drivers and Jiang was the decision maker behind China’s hugely controversial decision to exploit Sudan’s oil reserves at a time when Western companies could not afford the political or reputation risk, according to several Chinese oil industry and foreign policy sources…This week, Zhou gave a modest account of that personal history. (more…)

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China’s New Commitments in Khartoum

Wednesday, November 18th, 2009
Zhou Yongkang of the Communist Party of China and<br />Sudanese Vice President Ali Osman Tah meet in Khartoum

Zhou Yongkang of the Communist Party of China andSudanese Vice President Ali Osman Tah meet in Khartoum

Yesterday, while President Barack Obama met with Chinese President Hu Jintao in Beijing, top Sudanese government officials inked a new deal with a visiting Chinese delegation in Khartoum.  Not yet covered by the English-language press, Al-Rai Al-Aam (an Arabic-language Sudanese newspaper that leans heavily to Omar al-Bashir’s National Congress Party) ran a leading story this morning with the headline: “The government welcomes China’s plan for joint cooperation.”

The series of agreements brokered between the two governments comes two days after the announcement of the first non-stop flight between Beijing and Khartoum. The multi-layered package of support will focus cooperation in four areas: energy, infrastructure, agriculture and food, and training and capacity building.  There was also a commitment to develop stronger national ties by opening cultural centers and connecting universities.

Perhaps most importantly, China pledged to work with Sudan to double its oil production and continue to finance large-scale development projects.  To those ends, the two parties signed two loans worth a collective $46 million and a grant of $11 million.

Xinhua reports that senior Communist Party of China (CPC) officials hailed their country’s relations with Sudan in their public comments.  Zhou Yongkang of the CPC said that he was “pleased to see that Sudan has become one of the fast growing economies in Africa and has improved its people’s standards of living while advancing national reconciliation.”

He also stated that:

Sudan has become China’s third largest trade partner in Africa…China is Sudan’s largest trade partner…Zhou said 2009, which also marks the 10th anniversary of an oil cooperation project between the two countries, is an important year in the history of the Chinese-Sudanese friendship.

In order to enhance the bilateral relationship, China and Sudan should promote political mutual trust, deepen their economic and trade cooperation and expand their exchanges.

With this visit, the Chinese delegation has unabashedly affirmed China’s long-term support of the Sudanese government. The fact that this deal was struck while President Obama was in China makes the U.S. presidential silence on Sudan – that Jerry addressed this morning – so much more glaring.

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Presidential Silence in Beijing

Wednesday, November 18th, 2009

Cross posted from The Huffington Post

Less than a month after his Administration proclaimed in its new strategy for Sudan that “American leadership is essential to a more effective multilateral approach,” President Obama left China early this morning without any public reference to having brought up Sudan with his hosts. There were background statements to journalists that it was on a list of things discussed. Such low-key treatment was a huge missed opportunity to enlist the support for the new strategy from a crucial country. It also was a rejection of the recent, bipartisan plea by 44 Members of Congress:

As you prepare to visit China, we strongly urge you to make Sudan a priority in your bilateral discussions. As you are well aware, China is a major arms supplier and source of economic strength to the regime in Khartoum, and has a vital role to play in any ultimate resolution of the multiple crises in Sudan.

The Congressional letter echoed a petition signed by tens of thousands of citizen-activists who asked for President Obama to call on the Chinese to work with the U.S. and:

Use their economic and political influence with Sudan to support the Darfur peace process, full implementation of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA), and significant structural, political and judicial reforms to Sudan.

The President’s public silence on Sudan in Beijing follows on a similar silence by Secretary of State Hillary Clinton on her recent visit to Egypt – another country that is crucial to bringing peace to Sudan. Their failure to raise Sudan publicly in bilateral meetings with key countries sends an unfortunate message to the Sudanese government and other key actors: The United States is not leading for peace in Sudan.

Michael Gerson recently summed up the urgent need for leadership:

Only a president and his secretary of state can insist on boldness.

Absent that insistence, America’s Sudan policy is in a holding pattern, waiting for the next crisis to refocus global attention. Meanwhile, women are raped, with impunity. Weapons are illegally imported, with impunity. Civilians are attacked, with impunity. And at some point, impunity becomes permission.

The “unstinting resolve” that Candidates Obama and Clinton pledged last year is needed now, more than ever.

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